History of Virology






* In 1892, Dmitri Ivanovsky applied the chamber land filter(filter with small pores to retain bacteria) to show the existence of a virus in tobacco plant which was able to infect the healthy tobacco plant. This was the beginning of virology.


* In 1901, Walter Reed discover the cause of yellow fever Flavivirus or yellow fever virus is the first human virus.


* In 1903,  Adelchi Negri described Rabies Virus in humans.

* In 1908, Vilhelm Ellerman  and Oluf Bang discover a Retrovirus  that causes Leukosis in chickens.

* In 1911, Peyton Rous discovered  cancer-causing virus{Avian Leukosis/Sarcoma group(ALSV) and Reticuloendotheliosis-viruses (REV)} in chickens.

* In 1914, Max Lauffer and Stanley discovered the RNA by  detached virus into protein and nucleic acid.

* In 1915, Fredrick Twort and Felix d' Herelle independently discover the bacterial virus. Felix coined the term "Bacteria Phage" which means "Bacteria Eaters".

* In 1918, the Influenza pandemic was the most severe in recent history and it was caused by the H1N1 virus. The virus was not identified until 1933.

* In 1926, viruses were defined as obligate parasites by Thomas Rivers.

* In 1931, Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll invented the first prototype electron microscope  which makes the study of the complex structure of viruses easy. 

* In 1935, Wendell Stanley concludes viruses are made of proteins by isolating crystals from Tobacco Mosaic Virus(TMV) since living organisms do not crystallize, Wendell concludes that viruses are not truly alive.

* In 1939, Helmut Ruska makes the first image of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus(TMV)  by deflecting the beam of light over the virus which was coated in heavy metal atoms.

* In 1940, the First electron micrograph of Bacteria Phage was published which quieten the doubters who had argued that Bacteria Phage was relative to enzymes and not viruses.

* In 1943, Luria Delbruck demonstrated that genetic mutation arises in bacteria, in absence of selection rather than a response to selection i.e., the mutation in bacteria was pre-adoptive.




  

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